rat

英 [ræt] 美[ræt]

英英释义考试真题实用场景例句

近义词rascal mouse

n. 鼠；卑鄙小人，叛徒
vi. 捕鼠；背叛，告密
n. (Rat)人名；(法、意、印、瑞典)拉特；(泰)叻

CET4TEM4考研CET6中低频词核心词汇哺乳动物

中文词源

rat 老鼠

来自中古英语 rat,老鼠，来自古英语 raet,老鼠，来自 Proto-Germanic*ratto,刮，咬，来自 PIE*red, 刮，咬，词源同 rodent,eraser.

词态变化

复数: rats;

英文词源

rat: rat: [OE] Rat is a general western European term, with relatives in French rat, Italian ratto, Spanish rata, German ratte, Dutch rat, Swedish råatta, and Danish rotte. These all come from Vulgar Latin *rattus, whose origin is unknown.
rat (n.): late Old English ræt "rat," of uncertain origin. Similar words are found in Celtic (Gaelic radan), Romanic (Italian ratto, Spanish rata, French rat) and Germanic (Old Saxon ratta; Dutch rat; German Ratte, dialectal Ratz; Swedish råtta, Danish rotte) languages, but connection is uncertain and origin unknown. In all this it is very much like cat.

Perhaps from Vulgar Latin *rattus, but Weekley thinks this is of Germanic origin, "the animal having come from the East with the race-migrations" and the word passing thence to the Romanic languages. American Heritage and Tucker connect Old English ræt to Latin rodere and thus PIE *red- "to scrape, scratch, gnaw," source of rodent (q.v.). Klein says there is no such connection and suggests a possible cognate in Greek rhine "file, rasp." Weekley connects them with a question mark and Barnhart writes, "the relationship to each other of the Germanic, Romance, and Celtic words for rat is uncertain." OED says "probable" the rat word spread from Germanic to Romanic, but takes no position on ultimate origin.
RATS. Of these there are the following kinds: a black rat and a grey rat, a py-rat and a cu-rat. ["Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue," Grose, 1788]
Middle English common form was ratton, from augmented Old French form raton. Sense of "one who abandons his associates" (1620s) is from belief that rats leave a ship about to sink or a house about to fall and led to meaning "traitor, informant" (1902; verb 1910). Interjection rats is American English, 1886. To smell a rat is 1540s; "to be put on the watch by suspicion as the cat by the scent of a rat; to suspect danger" [Johnson]. _____-rat, "person who frequents _____" (in earliest reference dock-rat) is from 1864.
rat (v.): 1812, "to desert one's party; 1864 as "to catch rats;" 1910 as "to peach on, inform on, behave dishonestly toward;" from rat (n.). Related: Ratted; ratting.

双语例句

1. If I don't send a picture, he will smell a rat.: 如果我不寄出照片，他将有所察觉。

2. They were accused of encouraging children to rat on their parents.: 他们被指控唆使儿童告发自己的父母。

3. The brown rat has prominent ears and a long scaly tail.: 那只棕鼠两只耳朵向前支着，一条长尾巴布满鳞片。

4. Captain Hardnose certainly ran that rat over the hill.: 哈得诺思上尉当然要求那个告密者离职了.

5. The lab assistant injected the rat with the new drug.: 实验室助手给老鼠注射了那种新药.

英英释意

1. any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse

2. someone who works (or provides workers) during a strike

3. a person who is deemed to be despicable or contemptible;: "only a rotter would do that"; "kill the rat"; "throw the bum out"; "you cowardly little pukes!"; "the British call a contemptible person a `git'"

4. one who reveals confidential information in return for money

5. a pad (usually made of hair) worn as part of a woman's coiffure

考试真题

A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 superior skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.

This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment.

Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to examine but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes.

We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future.

"We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn't necessary," says Janet wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.

During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.

The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.

实用场景例句

rat poison: 老鼠药

Where I come from, you don't rat on your friends.: 在我的老家，谁都不出卖朋友。

The government is accused of ratting on its promises to the unemployed.: 政府被指责对失业者背信弃义。

This was demonstrated in a laboratory experiment with rats.: 在实验室用老鼠进行的实验证明了这一点。

...a rat-infested derelict building.: 鼠灾泛滥的废弃建筑

What did you do with the gun you took from that little rat Turner?: 你是怎么处理从那个叫特纳的小叛徒手里得到的枪的？

They were accused of encouraging children to rat on their parents.: 他们被指控唆使儿童告发自己的父母。

She claims he ratted on their divorce settlement.: 她声称他违反了他们的离婚协议。

If I don't send a picture, he will smell a rat...: 如果我不寄出照片，他将有所察觉。

Though Lloyd George's behaviour seemed curious, Haig still did not smell a rat.: 尽管劳埃德·乔治的行为古怪，黑格仍然没有任何怀疑。

He used some cheese to trap the rat.: 他用了些乳酪诱捕耗子.

The cat catches the rat.: 猫捉老鼠.

METHOD Rat models with yang deficiency were made using hydrocortisone.: 方法用氢化可的松及去势大鼠可以造成阳虚模型.

OBJECTIVE To explore into the pharmacodynamic effect of rhinitis spray on rat models allergic rhinitis.: 目的探讨中药鼻炎喷雾剂对变应性鼻炎模型大鼠的药效作用.

Its main characters were a rat, a mole, and a toad.: 其主要特征是一只老鼠, 一痣, 和蟾蜍.

Conclusion of NOS the obstruction of learning and memory of the rat after exposure to EMP.: 结论NOS在EMP所致大鼠学习、记忆功能障碍过程中起一定作用.

Conclusion Composite procaine mixture has protective effects on acidulated alcohol induced gastric ulcer in rat.: 结论　复方普鲁卡因溶液对酸化乙醇诱导的大鼠胃溃疡具有明显的保护作用.

The dog is worrying the rat.: 那只狗在撕咬老鼠.

This is the rat That ate the malt That lay in the house that Jack built.: 这是老鼠这吃的麦芽奠定在杰克建造的房子.

The arrival of warm weather raises the specter of disease and increased rat infestations caused by rotting garbage.: 天气转暖使人们担心垃圾腐烂会引起疾病传播和鼠群猖獗.

But you promised to help us, you rat!: 可是你答应过要帮我的忙, 你这言而无信的小人!

They longed to escape from the rat race and move to the countryside.: 他们渴望能够摆脱无情的竞争,搬到乡下去.

Paul got caught up in the rat race and was never at home.: 保罗被卷入激烈的竞争中,都没在家呆过.

A rat can gnaw a hole through wood.: 老鼠能啃穿木头.

Dad wants to get out of the rat race and move back to his hometown.: 父亲想离开无休无止的竞争,回到他的故乡.

He was wet all over like a drowned rat.: 他浑身湿得像只落汤鸡.

Captain Hardnose certainly ran that rat over the hill.: 哈得诺思上尉当然要求那个告密者离职了.

The lab assistant injected the rat with the new drug.: 实验室助手给老鼠注射了那种新药.

The dog nosed out a rat.: 那只狗闻到一只老鼠的气味.

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