silk

英 [sɪlk] 美[sɪlk]

n. 丝绸；蚕丝；丝织物
adj. 丝的；丝绸的；丝制的
vi. （玉米）处于长须的阶段中
n. (Silk)人名；(英、瑞典)西尔克

CET4TEM4考研CET6中低频词核心词汇

中文词源

silk 蚕丝，丝绸，丝织品

来自古英语 sioloc,丝，丝织品，来自拉丁语 sericum,丝，来自 Sericus,丝，来自希腊语 Serikos, 丝织品，来自 Seres 国的物品，来自 Seres,古希腊时期的某东方国家，通常认为是指中国，可能来自古汉语丝。比较 mare,母马，可能来自古汉语马。

词态变化

复数: silks;

助记提示

silk 丝——丝

英文词源

silk: silk: [OE] Like the substance itself, the word silk originated in the Far East, possibly in Chinese sī ‘silk’. Its immediate ancestor is most closely represented by Manchurian sirghe and Mongolian sirkek. Silk-traders brought their term west, and the Greeks used it to coin a name for them: Seres, the ‘silk people’. That is the source of Latin sēricum and Irish sīric ‘silk’, and also of English serge.

But there must have been another oriental form, with an l rather than an r, which made its more northerly way via the Balto-Slavic languages (leaving Russian shelk and Lithuanian shilkai ‘silk’) to Germanic, where it has given Swedish and Danish silke and English silk.
=> serge
silk (n.): c. 1300, from Old English seoloc, sioloc "silk, silken cloth," from Latin sericum "silk," plural serica "silken garments, silks," literally "Seric stuff," neuter of Sericus, from Greek Serikos "silken; pertaining to the Seres," an oriental people of Asia from whom the Greeks got silks. Western cultivation began 552 C.E., when agents from Byzantium impersonating monks smuggled silkworms and mulberry leaves out of China. Chinese si "silk," Manchurian sirghe, Mongolian sirkek have been compared to this and the people name in Greek might be a rendering via Mongolian of the Chinese word for "silk," but this is uncertain.

Also found in Old Norse as silki but not elsewhere in Germanic. The more common Germanic form is represented by Middle English say, from Old French seie, with Spanish seda, Italian seta, Dutch zijde, German Seide is from Medieval Latin seta "silk," perhaps elliptical for seta serica, or else a particular use of seta "bristle, hair" (see seta (n.)).

According to some sources [Buck, OED], the use of -l- instead of -r- in the Balto-Slavic form of the word (Old Church Slavonic šelku, Lithuanian šilkai) passed into English via the Baltic trade and may reflect a Chinese dialectal form, or a Slavic alteration of the Greek word. But the Slavic linguist Vasmer dismisses that, based on the initial sh- in the Slavic words, and suggests the Slavic words are from Scandinavian rather than the reverse.

As an adjective from mid-14c. In reference to the "hair" of corn, 1660s, American English. Figurative use of silk-stocking (n.) is from 1590s; as an adjective meaning "wealthy" it is attested from 1798, American English (silk stockings, especially worn by men, being regarded as extravagant and reprehensible, indicative of luxurious habits). Silk-screen (n.) is first attested 1930; as a verb from 1961. Silk road so called in English from 1931.

双语例句

1. Her silk shirtdress was sky-blue, the colour of her eyes.: 她一袭天蓝色的真丝衬衫式连身裙，和她的双眸颜色一样。

2. Dena bought rolls of silk that seemed ridiculously cheap.: 德娜买了几卷看起来非常次的丝绸。

3. Her silk dress was sky-blue, the colour of her eyes.: 她的丝绸连衣裙是天蓝色的，和她眼睛的颜色一样。

4. Natural fabrics like silk and wool are better insulators than synthetics.: 丝绸和羊毛之类的纯天然织物比合成纤维的保暖性更好。

5. Pauline wore a silk dress with a strand of pearls.: 保利娜穿了件丝绸长裙，戴了串珍珠。

英英释意

1. a fabric made from the fine threads produced by certain insect larvae

2. fibers from silkworm cocoons provide threads for knitting

考试真题

They may even have been covered with silk because silk was used a lot at that time.

The silk ribbon would stop the lightning from passing through his body.

He tied a metal key and a strip of silk to the kite line.

Visit a different store for a silk or cotton shirt.

Maybe we can find something in cotton or silk

So I think in the future, materials will evolve, and they will look and feel like fabrics we know today, like cotton or silk.

Silk had become one of the primary goods traded along the silk Road by about 100 BC.

The university started some new language programs to cater for the country's Silk Road economic belt.

Traveling along the old silk road is an interesting and rewarding experience.

实用场景例句

a silk blouse: 女式丝绸衬衫

silk stockings: 长筒丝袜

made of pure silk: 纯丝做的

Her skin was as smooth as silk .: 她的皮肤像丝绸一样光滑。

to take silk (= to become this type of lawyer): 担任王室律师

They continued to get their silks from China...: 他们继续从中国购买丝绸。

Pauline wore a silk dress with a strand of pearls.: 保利娜穿了件丝绸长裙，戴了串珍珠。

...the silk threads of a spider's web.: 蜘蛛网的丝线

We could feel the smooth texture of silk.: 我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地.

He bought a shot silk.: 他买了一匹闪光的丝绸.

The Chinese silk is known all over the world.: 中国丝绸驰名天下.

We import raw silk.: 我们进口生丝.

These silk goods are not much in demand.: 这些丝制品没有什么销路.

The evening dress is made out of pure silk.: 这件睡衣是用真丝做的.

This silk spots easily from rain.: 这种丝绸在雨中极易产生斑点.

The tailor lined my coat with silk.: 裁缝用绸作我外衣的衬里.

Nylon and silk differ.: 尼龙与丝绸不同.

This cloth is not inferior to real silk.: 这种织物不下于真丝.

Does artificial silk crease more easily than natural silk?: 人造丝比天然丝更易起皱吗 ?

She wore a cashmere scarf, silk suit and pearls.: 她围了一条开士米围巾, 穿了一身丝绸套装,戴了一串珍珠.

Silkworm culture is practised in order to get silk.: 养蚕是为了得到蚕丝.

Silk is the speciality of this village.: 丝绸是这村子的特产.

The coat is lined with silk.: 这件外套用绸子作衬里.

This old Silk Road linked China with the West in ancient times.: 这条古老的丝绸之路在古时候把中国和西方连接了起来.

She dressed a transparent silk blouse.: 她穿了一件薄得透明的丝绸衬衣.

It is woven of [ from ] silk .: 这是用丝织成的.

The painted murals in the Dunhuang Grottoes along the ancient Silk Road in China form the world's longest painted corridor , with a total of 45,000 square metres of painted murals.: 中国丝绸古道上的敦煌莫高窟内的壁画是世界最长的石窟画廊.窟内有壁画45, 000余平方米.

a gown of gossamer silk: 丝绸女裙服

12 yds of silk: 12码的丝绸

Her dress was of blue silk, quite light, and becomingly open at the neck.: 她的连衣裙是蓝丝绸的，分量很轻，领口开得非常漂亮。

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