sum

英 [sʌm] 美[sʌm]

反义词

n. 金额；总数
vi. 概括
vt. 总结；合计
n. (Sum)人名；(英)萨姆；(柬)孙；(俄、德、捷)苏姆；(越)森

CET4TEM4考研CET6中频词基本词汇

中文词源

sum 金额，款项，总和，总数，总结，概括

来自拉丁语 summa,阴性形式于 summus,最高的，最上面的，缩写自 PIE*sup-mos-,最上面的，构成 super 的最高级形式，-m,最高级后缀，词源同 maximum,minimum.后形容词作名词使用，引申词义最高点及相关词义。

词态变化

复数: sums;

英文词源

sum: sum: [13] Latin summus meant ‘highest’ (a meaning preserved in English summit [15], which is ultimately derived from it); it evolved from an earlier *supmus, a superlative form based on the stem of Latin super ‘above’ (source of English super). When the Romans counted up columns of figures they worked from the bottom upwards, and put the total on top – whence the use of the expression rēs summa, literally ‘highest thing’, for ‘total’. This was eventually shortened to summa, which reached English via Old French summe. Other derivatives in English include consummate [15] and summary [15].
=> consummate, summary, summit
sum (n.): c. 1300, summe, "quantity or amount of money," from Anglo-French and Old French summe, somme "amount, total; collection; essential point; summing up, conclusion" (13c., Modern French somme), from Latin summa "the top, summit; chief place, highest rank; main thing, chief point, essence, gist; an amount (of money)," noun use (via phrases such as summa pars, summa res) of fem. of summus "highest, uppermost," from PIE *sup-mos-, from root *uper "over" (see super-).

The sense development from "highest" to "total number, the whole" probably is via the Roman custom of adding up a stack of figures from the bottom and writing the sum at the top, rather than at the bottom as now (compare the bottom line).

General sense of "numerical quantity" of anything, "a total number" is from late 14c. Meaning "essence of a writing or speech" also is attested from mid-14c. Meaning "aggregate of two or more numbers" is from early 15c.; sense of "arithmetical problem to be solved" is from 1803. Sum-total is attested from late 14c., from Medieval Latin summa totalis.
sum (v.): early 14c., "to count, count up, calculate, reckon," from Old French sommer "to count, add up," or directly from Medieval Latin summare, from summa (see sum (n.)). Meaning "briefly state the substance of" is first recorded 1620s (since c. 1700 usually with up). Related: Summed; summing.

双语例句

1. The sum of evidence points to the crime resting on them.: 所有证据都表明该犯罪乃他们所为.

2. What are you doing fooling with such a staggering sum of money?: 你拿着这么一大笔钱瞎折腾什么呢？

3. You owe a certain person a sum of money.: 你欠某人一笔钱。

4. The guests had each paid £250, no trifling sum.: 客人每位付了250英镑，可不是一笔小数目。

5. The sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees.: 三角形内角总和为180度。

英英释意

1. a quantity of money;: "he borrowed a large sum"; "the amount he had in cash was insufficient"

2. a quantity obtained by addition

3. the final aggregate;: "the sum of all our troubles did not equal the misery they suffered"

4. the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience;: "the gist of the prosecutor's argument"; "the heart and soul of the Republican Party"; "the nub of the story"

5. the whole amount

6. the basic unit of money in Uzbekistan

7. a set containing all and only the members of two or more given sets;: "let C be the union of the sets A and B"

考试真题

He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.

He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.

But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.

Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars.

So what I suggest is not that we just give them a sum of money, but that we offer to pay for something specific like travel or something, and that in return, we ask for our name to be printed prominently in the program, and that they give us free advertising space in it.

They want to borrow a huge sum from the bank.

As long as robots add to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-class journalism, we should be their fans.

After all, a dollar was a tidy sum for an 11-year-old boy in 1961.

If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.

It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes years of achieve.

Not everyone knows clearly how to build personal savings, but a savings plan started on a website has helped many put away a nice tidy sum.

To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults.

To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

实用场景例句

You will be fined the sum of £200.: 你将被罚款200英镑。

a large sum of money: 一大笔钱

a six-figure sum: 一笔六位数的款项

The sum of 7 and 12 is 19.: 7加12的和是19。

This is the sum of my achievements so far.: 这就是我目前的全部成就。

to do a sum in your head: 做心算

I was good at sums at school.: 我上学时擅长算术。

If I've got my sums right, I should be able to afford the rent.: 要是我算对了的话，我应该负担得起这笔租金。

To sum up , there are three main ways of tackling the problem…: 概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法…

Can I just sum up what we've agreed so far?: 我可否就我们目前已经达成的共识作个概括？

Totally lazy─that just about sums him up.: 懒到家了——这大体上就是他的真实写照。

She quickly summed up the situation and took control.: 她很快就看出是怎么回事，并控制住局面。

Large sums of money were lost...: 损失了大笔钱财。

Even the relatively modest sum of £50,000 now seems beyond his reach.: 现在即使是相对来说并不算多的 5 万英镑对他来说也是遥不可及的。

I can't do my sums.: 我算不出来。

The sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees.: 三角形内角总和为 180 度。

'Public opinion' is only the sum of the views of thousands of people like yourself...: “舆论”只是所有像你一样的成千上万人的意见的总和。

The sum of evidence points to the crime resting on them...: 所有证据都表明该犯罪乃他们所为。

In sum, the two countries are now true economic partners...: 总而言之，两国目前是真正的经济合作伙伴。

It is a situation, in sum, devoid of logic.: 总之，该情况毫无逻辑。

As individual members' solo careers have proved, each band was greater than the sum of its parts.: 成员单飞后的发展证明，每个乐队的成员只有组合在一起才能创造出更大的成功。

For his first book he received the princely sum of $ 400.: 他写第一本书得到了400元“巨款”.

You have only 100 words in which to sum up his speech.: 你只能用100字来概括他的讲话.

The sum of 5 and 4 is 9.: 五加四的和是九.

We can sum up the main point of the lesson in three sentences.: 我们可以用三句话来概括本课要点.

Interest on this sum of money is charged at 1.5 per cent monthly.: 这笔款的月息是1.5%.

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